Study on the
Garden of Eden as a model province
an
introduction
In light of the
growing environmental issues that have become pose a real threat to human life
and economic and social development, this study is particularly important,
because they are looking at a successful rehabilitation means in the field of
environmental protection is not environmental planning. Also enhanced the
importance of this study is also Turning to one of the most important
information systems memorable a geographic information system, and how to
utilize it in the field of environmental planning.
The goal of the
study:
The study aimed to
answer the confusion arises and of how the linkage is between the environmental
planning system and geographic information system, and leading to environmental
planning that takes advantage of GIS outputs in achieving the desired
objectives and raise its effectiveness. The study also aimed to highlight the
importance of environmental planning in the current circumstances in the light
of environmental problems and the importance of the use of geographic information
system multiple benefits technique.
The study tried to
answer the following basic problem: How can the environmental rehabilitation of
the planning system in order to serve the objectives of the environment and
development through the use of geographic information system?
Which fork them
the following questions:
1. What is
environmental planning system? What are the goals?
2. What is GIS?
What are the goals?
3. Is
environmental planning system needs to qualify?
4. Is the
rehabilitation of environmental planning system will lead to environment and
development service?
5. What is the
availability of inputs required for the rehabilitation of environmental
planning system?
6. Is it possible
rehabilitation of environmental planning system using geographic information
system outputs?
7. How can the
perfect link between the needs of environmental planning system and the GIS
output, including raising the effectiveness of environmental planning in
achieving its objectives?
8. What are
returning to the environment and the development of the rehabilitation of
environmental planning system using geographic information system outputs the
benefits?
- To address the
problem at hand and questions SACD been following assumptions status:
1. environmental
planning system needs to qualify to be able to achieve its objectives in the
environment and development.
2. Environmental
planning system needs new input for rehabilitation.
3. rehabilitation
of environmental planning system can be done through the use of geographic
information system outputs.
4. GIS role in
raising the effectiveness of environmental planning system.
5. There are
benefits for the environment and development at the rehabilitation of
environmental planning system using a geographic information system.
The study relied
on deductive approach, where the phenomenon has been used characterization and
analysis of the relations between the input and output according to the system
tool. As it has been the use of inductive approach through the use of the
questionnaire tool.
- Through this
study, the most important was reached the following conclusions:
1. considered one
of the Environmental Planning most important means of protecting the
environment, as planned, which produces through its environmental plans and
plans that take the environmental dimension into account, meaningful through
those plans to achieve a set of goals related to environmental protection and
the preservation of natural resources and achieving sustainable development. It
also features environmental planning, as Anahj in the stages of preparation of
the following plans: the precautionary approach, integrative or holistic
approach, back to nature approach, self-help approach. Environmental planning
system and is of great importance through the multiple benefits (health,
social, economic) that can be obtained through its application.
2. Environmental
Planning has emerged, as a product to recognize the importance of the
relationship between environment and development and the emergence of
sustainable development, environmental planning currently used as one of the
important mechanisms that lead to the achievement of sustainable development.
3. The form can be
selected in the major challenges that impose environmental rehabilitation of
the planning system as follows:
A growing public
environmental awareness and rising public opinion Namer Al maintaining the
various elements of the environment, and thus imposes on environmental planning
system familiarity with all environmental elements, and in the process of
developing plans to protect them.
(B) increase
industrial growth and new technologies, and the emergence of new ones every
day, which requires environmental planning system always keep up with these
Almsthaddat and planning to counter the negative effects.
(C) the increasing
pressure on natural resources, with growing capabilities in humans adapted,
requiring environmental planning system put in plans to alleviate that pressure
and the search for new alternatives.
(D) the tremendous
increase in the amount of information and data that must be absorbed
environmental planning system as inputs.
E need
environmental planning of inputs, processes and outputs to the rehabilitation
of the system components, in terms of the need for a scientific cadres
specialized and highly efficient, as well as the need to use the latest of what
has been reached by technological means, enabling those components of the
performance of its business to the fullest .
4. Through the
study of the three components of the system of environmental planning (input -
process - output), and to identify the major challenges faced by this system,
we show clearly that the environmental planning system in need of
rehabilitation continuously until it reaches the proper position to achieve the
desired goals, and therefore It is also a need to use the new input help him to
rehabilitation. These results confirm the first hypothesis to research which
states that the (environmental planning system needs to qualify to be able to
achieve its objectives in the environment and development service). And the
health of the second hypothesis for research, which states that the
(environmental planning system needs new input for rehabilitation).
5. found that the
geographic information system, technical feature-owned, especially his superior
ability in spatial and statistical analysis, deserves to be among the most
important mechanisms that can be used in the rehabilitation of environmental
planning system, particularly as it can be used in the rehabilitation of all
environmental planning system components, where You will need input as a tool
to access information and stored, and the operations will need an analytical
tool, and the output will be needed as a tool to help implement environmental
action plans. This result confirms our third hypothesis health research, which
states the following (rehabilitation of environmental planning system can be
done through the use of geographic) information system outputs.
6. It turns out
that the importance of the use of geographic information system in the
rehabilitation of environmental planning system, stems from the ability of GIS
to solve many complex problems facing environmental planners. Through practical
examples that we talked to them about the use of GIS in the areas of
environmental planning system, which included (waste field, the field of water
resources, natural reserves, the fight against desertification, management of
industrial zones), it became clear to us tangibly how GIS helped raise
environmental planning capabilities and enabling it to achieve its objectives
effectively. This assures us that the health of the fourth hypothesis, which
states that (GIS role in raising the effectiveness of environmental planning
system).
7. Since the
nature reserves for wetlands in Aden province, environmental and economic
importance, the use of GIS in the rehabilitation of environmental planning for
such reserves, has enabled management to preserve the environmental
characteristics, and taking advantage of its economic importance, such as used
in the field of eco-tourism, which means that there are benefits returned on
both environment and development because of it. The use of geographic
information system in the general scheme of the province of Aden preparation,
resulted in unrealized environment benefits in terms of identifying
environmentally sensitive areas as protected areas prevents that penetrate
development projects, also resulted in the benefits of development through the
appropriate allocation of land for each economic activity. This thus confirms
the correctness of the fifth hypothesis, which states that (there are benefits
for the environment and development at the rehabilitation of environmental
planning system using Geographic Information System).
8. by discussing
the results of the questionnaire (general trends and opinions in Aden province,
about the importance of environmental protection and environmental planning),
was reached the following main conclusions:
A. There is
environmental awareness and positive attitudes towards environmental protection
among respondents, and this can be generalized to the study population who are
residents of the province of Aden. This environmental awareness and positive
attitudes were evident from the adoption of the majority of respondents believed
that the protection of the environment is essential for the continuation of
development, but the continuation of life, and their demand for the
establishment of environmental courts and punish the perpetrators of
environmental damage, and other indicators.
(B) that the
respondents and thus the study population, a positive trend towards the
application of environmental planning. Understanding acknowledge the consensus
of the poor planning of the factors that led to the aggravation of the
environmental problems, and calling for the need to take environmental
considerations in the preparation of development plans, and recognize clearly
that environmental planning is an important way to protect the environment.
This strong trend towards environmental planning, along with the presence of
environmental awareness as it turns out previously, it all helps to provide a
favorable environment for the implementation of environmental planning, and
thus the possibility of using tools that help rehabilitate such as geographic
information system.
(C) recognizes the
respondents unanimously that the environmental planning needed to qualify to be
able to achieve its objectives in the environment and development. There is no
doubt that the adoption of the sample of this fact individuals and besides they
are not satisfied with the level of application of environmental planning in
the country, can be considered as an invitation from the community to the
competent authorities need to address the rehabilitation and development of environmental
planning in the country, and the application of all the means that lead to it.
9. by discussing
the results of the questionnaire (the utilization of GIS outputs in the
rehabilitation of environmental planning system in Aden governorate), was reached
the following main conclusions:
(A) that there is
a consensus by the respondents on environmental planning needed to qualify to
help it to achieve its objectives in the environment and the service of
development, and this is something that supports the first hypothesis of the
research, which states that the (environmental planning system needs to qualify
to be able to achieve its goals in the service of the environment and
development).
(B) that there is
a large proportion of respondents who admitted they feel there is a lack of
information needed for decision-making and environmental planning, as well as
those who admitted they feel this shortfall to some extent. This confirms that
the credibility of the second hypothesis, which states that the (environmental
planning system needs new input for rehabilitation).
(C) There is a
consensus by the study sample to emphasize the possibility of rehabilitation of
environmental planning system through the use of GIS output, and thus confirms
the validity of the third hypothesis, which states that (rehabilitation of
environmental planning system can be done through the use of geographic)
information system outputs.
(D) A significant
proportion of respondents acknowledged the possibility of the use of geographic
information system to raise the effectiveness of environmental planning system,
and that which confirms the credibility of the fourth hypothesis, which states
as follows (GIS role in raising the effectiveness of environmental planning
system).
(E) that there is
a consensus by the study sample on the recognition that the use of GIS in
environmental planning for the benefit of the environment and development. This
consensus was in line with the hypothesis for the fifth research and that
states that (there are benefits for the environment and development at the
rehabilitation of environmental planning system using Geographic Information
System).
Second: The
recommendations of the research:
The researcher
recommends in light of the search results, including the following:
A. On the side of
environmental planning system:
A need to be
compulsory application of environmental planning system, so effective as a
means to protect the environment, and one of the mechanisms that contribute to
the achievement of sustainable development.
(B) that is not
the establishment of any development project only after it has been conducting
a study of the environmental impact assessment, so this study shows if there is
a negative impact of this project on health and the environment, and what are
the modifications required to mitigate these effects. The project is rejected
or if it will lead to serious environmental hazards can not be avoided.
(C) be expanded to
rely on GIS as a tool applied in all areas of environmental planning, so what
is owned by geographic information system of multi-technology advantages, and
the ability to solve many complex problems facing environmental planners.
(D) to be interest
in integrating public participation in environmental planning element, in terms
of obtaining the views of local residents about the projects listed in the
environmental plans and involve them in its implementation. There is no doubt
that a large guarantee for the success of these projects.
(E) the importance
of applying the principle of self-reliance, as much as possible, when preparing
strategies and environmental plans and in financing their projects, because the
environmental work is linked to his success is mainly the extent of its
connection with the local community, so it has to be when the number of plans
that are taking into account local peculiarities and careful use of local
technical whatever it is possible, often do not succeed turnkey solutions
imported abroad because they are not compatible with the local environment.
(F) that the Arab
countries are working on the exchange of experiences and abilities and
participation in preparing plans and environmental strategies, when funded,
especially the problems are similar environmental conditions in the Arab
countries to a large extent, allowing it to avoid every state other nations
errors, and the movement of countries that has gone into the planning summary
environmental expertise to other countries' experiences less.
(G) the need to
take advantage of the universities and scientific institutes, in the
development of environmental planning system, through studies and research on
various aspects related to the application of environmental planning system.
(H) that the
universities and scientific institutes working to increase its output of
qualified in the field of environmental planning, especially in the wire
graduate.
2. on the
side of the Geographic Information System:
A must work to
take advantage of GIS technology in larger applications. There is no doubt that
the optimum utilization of multiple of these technical features, will enable
private Arab countries support provided by development and scientific, so what
GIS significant role in solving complex problems, and in support of
decision-making wise, and the preparation of development plans and implemented
faster and high quality rates.
B broad
application of GIS success needs a suitable ground has initialized, it must be
causing some sort of adjustment in terms of re-formulation of administrative
systems, and schematic work procedures, commensurate with the GIS methodology.
Also it requires the need to provide funding for computer automation, and
conduct training required manpower to deal with information technology.
(C) that interest
in the application of geographical information system requires the need to be
done in parallel with interest and expand the use of remote sensing technology.
Where that technology is an important tool for geographic information system,
and in particular that satellite imagery represent photography detailed basis,
which constitutes the essential first class GIS.
(D) The
universities and scientific institutes working to increase its output of
specialists geographic information system, and especially the Arab
universities, which must be concerned with the element of
"qualitative" more of a "quantum". It must be changes in
teaching methods and developing the capabilities of these universities so that
they are graduates of the "innovators" and not just "Almtbakan,"
so that these graduates have the ability to produce new skills not only depend
on the proper application of what has been taught to them.
(E) the pursuit of
the Arabization of geographic information system and its applications, which
broadens the field spread in the Arab world. As the progress of knowledge
depends on making information technology deal with the Arabic language and the
production of software in Arabic.
(F) carry out
activities and lectures, especially the decision-makers of the importance of
making use of GIS in the field of environmental planning.
3. in the side of
the management of nature reserves for wetlands and application of geographic
information system in Aden Province:
(A) take advantage
of the natural reserves in the field of eco-tourism, because of the
environmental and economic benefits, in terms of eco-tourism provides economic
income, as well as it gives the possibility for local residents and tourists in
the identification of natural heritage in these reserves and vital importance.
(B) the need to
take advantage of the environmental media in highlighting the importance of
nature reserves to the members of the community, and in particular the decision
holders, spreading environmental awareness of the problems faced by these
reserves to win the support of the community and ensure intensified efforts to
address them.
(C) obtain a
comprehensive environmental database for the province of Aden contain detailed
information for all environmental components, including possible inclusion in
the geographic information system, and has been utilized in the field of the
use of geographic information in the environmental planning system.
(D) a mechanism
for coordination between the various institutions in the province to allow for
transparency in the exchange of information, so that the information be
available for everyone to take advantage of them.
Its dependence on
the policy of decentralization in the dissemination and application of
geographic information system in Aden governorate.
(F) the
establishment of the GIS center in the governorate of Aden is to provide, by
the institutions, the digital maps and descriptive information. The center of
this electronic link between the institutions.
References:
Chrisman,
Nicholas. 2002. Exploring Geographic Information Systems, 2nd ed., John Wiley
and Sons, Toronto.
Clarke, Keith C.
2001. Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems, 3rd ed., Prentice
Hall Series in Geographic Information Science, Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey.
Delaney, Julie.
1999. Geographical Information Systems, An Introduction, Oxford University
Press, New York
